Data Sources & Methodology

Every number on a compound profile comes from a primary database or a peer-reviewed paper. This page explains where each kind of data comes from and how it is checked.

Chemical identity data

Molecular formula, molecular weight, monoisotopic mass, InChIKey, CAS number and UNII are taken from the compound’s PubChem record, which is linked from each profile. When PubChem has no record for a compound, the identity table is left incomplete rather than estimated.

Amino-acid sequences

A sequence is shown only when its calculated molecular formula, including any terminal modifications, matches the PubChem formula exactly. Peptides with non-standard residues (such as Aib or lipidated lysines) are described in words instead.

Research summaries and citations

Research sections are written from PubMed-indexed abstracts and reviews. Every factual research claim carries a numbered citation linking to its PubMed record. Each finding names the model it comes from, and in-vitro, animal and human evidence are kept separate.

Research format survey

The “Commonly supplied research formats” section on each profile comes from a survey of the public catalogs of 11 major U.S. research-peptide suppliers. It records how many suppliers list each compound and the vial quantities they list most often. The survey date is shown on every profile.

What we leave out

Profiles contain no dosing, administration or protocol information and no pharmaceutical brand names. Generic and research names are used throughout.